History of fingerprint technique(Statiscial method)

 The ancient Babylonians pressed the tips of their fingertips into clay to record business transactions. The Chinese used ink-on-paper finger impressions for business and to help identify their children.

A few years later, Scottish doctor Henry Faulds was working in Japan when he discovered fingerprints left by artists on ancient pieces of clay. This finding inspired him to begin investigating fingerprints. In 1880, Faulds wrote to his cousin, the famed naturalist Charles Darwin, and asked for help with developing a fingerprint classification system. Darwin declined, but forwarded the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Galton.

Francis Galton has done much of fundamental work in statistics. He used to prepare questionnaire, distribute them among people's and request them to fill them up. He use to collect information like: there likes, disklikes, health etc. But that time, it was known that fingerprints of people are different, so using statiscial method, he showed the possibility of fingerprints of two different people being identical is nearly zero. This result made possible to identify a person from his/her fingerprints.

Francis Galton